VIRTUAL TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING
Knowles (1989) predicted that technology would be one of the major forces affecting adult learning and higher education in the 21st century, therefore it is important to understand the role that information technology plays in organizational learning. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the use of virtual technology in organizational learning and ultimately in creating a learning organization. This review will briefly describe the literature, the findings and the implications of virtual technology on organizational learning. The findings of this review of literature will be useful for human resource development practitioners in understanding how virtual environments can be used to educate, train and develop workers in the 21st century.
A CRITIQUE OF NATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT RELATED POLICY IN FOUR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Human Resource Development (HRD) interventions have been used to address global concerns such as environmental threats, social justice, health and safety, poverty and human rights (Kim, 2012). In the last decade, the concepts of National Human Resource Development (NHRD) and HRD for societal development have received considerable attention from scholars. As globalization continues to influence HRD interventions, it is important to explore the role of international agencies of societal development in global HRD efforts. This purpose of this paper is to critique the NHRD-related policies of four international organizations. This critique will explore some of the education and training, workforce development, employment and NHRD related programs of the: International Development Association, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and Campaign for Female Education. In order to explore their influence, the definition of NHRD and HRD for societal development will be discussed.
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